modified mercalli intensity scale simulator

Don't stop under bridges, overpasses, trees, or power lines. However, in practice, a physically based ground-motion measure is needed particularly for engineering purposes. Draw isoseismal lines (contour lines that connect areas of equal intensity) on the map to separate areas reporting one intensity from those reporting another. ", 16. Are there any suggestions for improvement? Layer the three pieces of white copy paper in one stack with one piece of construction paper on top for the cover. may shake. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, Modified Mercallit (MM) Scale Primary wave (P wave) Richter, Charles Francis (19001985) Secondary wave (S wave) Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards Tectonic Tremor Bibliography Arias, A., 1970. Pictures fall off walls. 812-855-5809. scale composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity based on observed Total damage. Photographs will be taken throughout the day. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_natdis_lesson03_activity3, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tornadoes & More. (1956) A comparison of earthquake accelerations with intensity ratings. U.S. Department of Commerce, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC > National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department Slight structural damage. Some walls may fall. Wholesale destruction. Indiana University Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. Slight to moderate damage in well built, ordinary structures. Motions up to an intensity VIII+ in the MM Scale can be. Trees, bushes shake. ), check out this current USGS earthquakes map. from publication: Damage Observations Following the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikoura Trees and poles may shake. With improved engineering technology to predict the size and force of earthquakes, cities and communities have more time to prepare themselves from harm. Waves seen on ground. The last isoseismal map in Myanmar gathered in this study is from the Mawlaik earthquake on 21st March 1954, western Myanmar, which had a magnitude of an assumed 7.0 Richter and generated a ground shaking of VII-VIII on the MMI scale. Indiana University The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education, and National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. Here is a photograph of Giuseppe Mercalli, the inventor of Brainstorm with the students how they might illustrate one of the pages. We sometimes assign points to a homework assignment to rate how well we did. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Atlanta, GA: "Cars in the Olympic parking lot were noted to sway slightly during last night's quake. The database is now updated regularly from sources such as U.S. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, elevated tanks. The MSK scale is the most recent, has 12 values that approximate but are not the same the Modified Mercalli values, and is used extensively in Europe.Intensity values can be correlated with other measures of ground motion, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration. References, The database provides information Serious damage. from FEMA at no cost by calling 1-800-480-2520. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. <>>> Objects thrown into the air. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Also, our tool is a safe bet if you want to compare different earthquakes and want to know how much stronger one earthquake is compared to another. Cairo, IL: "Most of the buildings in town suffered significant damage; several of the single-family homes were damaged when they slid off their foundations. ", 12. Underground pipelines completely out of service. WebWhat is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale? Today, we are going to look at the Mercalli Scale's damage rating and create a booklet to help inform citizens of potential danger. To sum up, in the moment magnitude scale, the strength of the earthquake is tied up with the seismic moment, which depends on three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip. Most masonry and frame structures and their foundations destroyed. Not felt. Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Other intensity scales are used in some countries. WebThe most widely used scale is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI scale). This offers the possibility of transforming readily observed intensity data into widely used engineering ground-motion characteristics and to rapidly assess the severity of ground shaking [1]. Earthquake Intensity Feel free to visit the log calculator if you feel like you could use a refresher. Trees and poles Part three of our introduction to seismology series is an exercise about the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which is used by seismologists to determine the magnitude and epicenter of earthquakes of the past. The different symbols used in Figure 2 distinguish the MMI-PGA data obtained from individual isoseismal maps. To know more about this fascinating topic, make sure to check out this excellent video by IRIS Earthquake Science Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? This study, therefore, used the PGA to calibrate with the obtained macroseismic intensity data. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! severe damage to poorly built structures. Many poor buildings damaged, Significant damage. Chapter 12 Empirical relationships between the macroseismic intensity and the groundmotion parameters (peak ground acceleration [PGA], peak ground velocity [PGV]) for western China are derived in this study. Bender, F. (1983) Geology of Burma. Some damage to reinforced masonry; none to reinforced masonry designed to resist lateral forces. Testing Model Villages in Big Waves, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth. If you prefer, click on the map for desired Wald, D.J., Quintoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H., Scrivner, C.W. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 653. Limestone facing stone falling off of the Geology Building killed two students trying to escape from the building. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok. Although it confounds many variables, Paducah, KY: "A number of old brick buildings collapsed during the quake, though most of the newer buildings survived with little damage. Warning, earthquake! Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? There are many ways of protecting buildings from earthquakes, such as friction pendulums you can read about them in the article accompanying the damping ratio calculator. Intensity depends, however, in a complicated way not only on ground accelerations but also on the periods and other features of seismic waves, the distance of the measuring point from the source, and the local geologic structure. The series of MMI-PGA data are distinguished by different symbols and the numbers correspond to the isoseismal maps in Figure 1. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. VII. There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 453-472. Total damage. Wood and F. Neumann in the 1930s. If engineers can develop better technology for predicting the size and force of earthquakes, then cities and communities can work to keep themselves from harm. What Should I Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake? Thereafter, the obtained mean PGA is plotted against the MMI. (Grade 4), Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the shown linear regression is 0.9681. Pendulum clocks may stop. (1997) Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work. Many factors affect surface ground motion, including topography and near-surface geology, especially soft surface sediments. U.S. Department of Commerce, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords, National The scale now generally employed in North America is the Mercalli scale, as modified by Harry O. and Wenbin, S. (2010) Seismic hazard maps of Yangon and its surrounding areas. A 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. Indianapolis, IN: . The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity (g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of 20 cm (8 inches) per second. Black stars are the locations of past earthquakes whereas the ground shaking intensities are illustrated in terms of gradual color of the MMI scale. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 15 0 R 16 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 4. An earthquake has one magnitude. Based on data from the northeastern United States, seismologists have estimated the following relation between earthquake magnitude (M) and epicentral intensity (Ie): M = 0.62 Ie + 0. The strongest earthquake ever recorded the one in Chile in 1960 was 8.6 on the Richter magnitude scale but had a moment magnitude of ~9.5. Please understand that by attending and participating you are granting IU permission to use your image in photographs and videos to promote Science Fest and other outreach activities in the future. Chicago, IL: "Many residents of the Windy City reported a strong tremor last night; some sleepers were awakened by what they described as 'a loud, crashing sound. in Los Angeles. It may be helpful to put the scale up on the board and read it aloud with the students. WebThe Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM or MMI), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the Remember that for each unit increase in magnitude: So, for example, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 releases over 1000 times more energy than a magnitude 5 earthquake. of Commerce, ICSU-WDS > International Council for Science - World Data System. and Damage. Learn how the Richter scale measures magnitude and the Mercalli scale measures intensity of an earthquake. There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. Medvedev, S.V. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. However, for MMI values of equal to or larger than level VI, which mainly represent the destruction of infrastructures or buildings, the same PGA generates a higher MMI level than the other regions. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. Isolated damage, Difficult to stand. Class Discussion: As a class, have students engage in open discussion. ]sgJ;oYQqmt|Wg4n^~9s Persons walk unsteadily. Thanks for your feedback! where Y is the PGA which is in g unit (1 g = 981 cm/s2), M is the moment magnitude (Mw), R is the source-to-site distance (km), for randomly-oriented horizontal component (or geometrical mean) b1 = 0.105, b2 = 0.229, b3 = 0, b4 = 0, b5 = 0.778, b6 = 0.162, b7 = 0.251, GB = 1, and GC = 0. The Seismology Research Centre is a division of, Rarely felt, usually only on top floors of high buildings, Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Large rock masses displaced. As a result, five isoseismal maps were contributed and published [7,8]. V. Felt outdoors; direction may be estimated. to the size of seismic waves produced during a quake. ", 11. Waves seen on ground. Other intensity scales are used in some countries. put into trial operation in Ankara, Turkey. A number of different intensity scales have been set up during the past century and applied to both current and ancient destructive earthquakes. Furniture broken. (Grade Chimneys may be slightly damaged. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed. Small bells ring (church, school). | (1988) Intensity-related earthquake ground motion. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. The next six strongest Chilean earthquakes would be found in the top 30 most massive earthquakes by magnitude. Trees shake. What city is closest to your estimated epicenter for this earthquake? How Do Scientists Predict Tsunamis After Earthquakes? on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, You are, in effect, creating a ShakeMap of seismic intensity for this particular earthquake. In the article below, you'll learn about the different measures of an earthquake: from the famous Richter scale to the currently used moment magnitude scale and Mercalli scale, which is an intensity scale describing the effects of the phenomenon. Subpages of this template. Ft. Smith, AR: "Drinkers at the Moose Lodge complained of tainted liquor at the lodge bar, after a number of drinkers reported feeling a strong swaying sensation. }> Y'.a +*(Ezx.8 Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. The earthquake magnitude you hear just after the phenomenon has occurred may differ from the final, official values provided later (up to 0.5). "', 7. Steering of automobiles affected. Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. endobj Macroseismic intensity, the descriptive reporting format of earthquake ground shaking, is useful to provide information about the response of structures, quality and type of construction, including the variation of geological conditions in specific areas. DYFI Scientific Background - USGS WebThe U.S. employs the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale, which uses Roman numerals from I (not felt) to X (extreme). Figure 1, Table 1, Figure 1. of the MMI scale (i.e., felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Rails bent slightly, Near total damage. That's why you can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale although the released energy, local geology, terrain, depth of an earthquake and distance from the epicenter are all still the same. Explain the different levels of the Mercalli Scale using words or pictures. Get to an open space if possible. Tremor Troop Earthquakes, Federal Emergency Management shaking. Do you agree with this alignment? Earth Homepage | UCMP Landslides. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed Thanks for your feedback! Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 42, 1-140. Considerable damage Le Dain, A.Y., Tapponnier, P. and Molnar, P. (1984) Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions. Few structures standing. We find out that a magnitude of 7.1 is 20 times bigger (on a seismogram, in terms of amplitudes) and ~89 times stronger (in terms of energy release) than a 5.8 magnitude. Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors. Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. The above table shows the approximate relationship You may be wondering how "big" is that? Hold on to your shelter with one hand until the shaking stops. ", 2. on observed effects. Boore, D.M., Joyner, W.B. Engineering to Prevent Natural Disasters: Save Our City! NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. Landslides. With respect to seismic hazards, Myanmar is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Mainland Southeast Asia. Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. This relationship, if substantiated, will be particularly useful in real-time applications for damage prediction or engineering parameter determination for earthquake ground shaking posed in or nearby to Myanmar. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date], NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, 2100 BC to Present, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present, Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931, Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS The Mercalli scale is particularly useful for comparing modern earthquakes with those that occurred before the era of seismographic recording (i.e., prior to 1900)-and for providing estimates of earthquake location, focal depth, and magnitude for these early events. Pendulum clocks may stop). About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, and so on. Earthquake Intensity Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. Pairs Check/Sharing with the Community: Have students share their booklets with a partner or the person next to them. to poorly built structures. ", 20. Damage nearly total. Read the newspaper reports for each city and assign Mercalli intensity values to each of the reporting areas based on the classifications in Table 1 above. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. AAA Area of the fault rupture (cm2), which is the estimated area over which the earthquake has occurred. It's actually a much broader term. Pailoplee, S., Sugiyama, Y. and Charusiri, P. (2009) Deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses in Thailand and adjacent areas using active fault data. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. Felt by nearly everyone. WebThe most commonly used earthquake intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | UPSeis | Michigan Tech - 1979, Including Quantitative Casualties Damage to weak masonry. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 13, 1-147. It measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location, distinguished from the earthquake's inherent force or strength as measured by seismic magnitude scales (such as the "Mw" magnitude usually reported for an earthquake). ", 22. Note that not all lessons and activities will exist under a unit, and instead may exist as "standalone" curriculum. Numerous intensity scales have been developed over Louisville, KY: "The Captain's Restaurant reported $3000 damage due to broken china and glassware. xX\vEV^-dwO2V\0~lY0YjcP_GZs)Ehm^$YE_I WxuqU]`hN!pm\>(T[}`2_dSVt!D:,^NN`u! The magnitude (size) of an earthquake is based on Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. WebABBREVIATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE; REFLECTION QUESTIONS; Contributors and Attributions; Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. With the use of an intensity scale, it is possible to summarize such data for an earthquake by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. Intensity. It also triggered numerous landslides, floods, and even volcanic eruptions. Several scales of measurement have been developed. As the same time, on the 4th December 1930, an earthquake with a Mw of 7.3 was also recorded at Toungoo, central Myanmar, with ground shaking intensities in the range of VIIIX.

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