list of dictatorship countries

" [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. 5. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Types. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. The DD index first classifies the regimes into two types: democracies and dictatorships. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. [1]:71. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. List of Cons of Dictatorships. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. 1. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. Syria - Well, it depends. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. The . While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. ", "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship? Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. [1]:68. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. 10. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place.

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