festinger and carlsmith experiment quizlet

The present experiment was listed as a two-hour experiment dealing with " Meas-ures of Performance." During the first week of the course, when the requirement of serving in experiments was announced and explained to the students, the instructor also told them about a study that the psychology department was conducting. The greater the reward offered (beyond what was necessary to elicit the behavior) the smaller was the effect. Which of the following is not one of the three things people do to reduce cognitive dissonance? If you make people treat you with respect, they will respect you more, in order to reduce dissonance between their attitudes and their behaviors. They had not enjoyed the experiment, but now they were asked to lie and say they had enjoyed it. It is clear from examining the table that, in all cases, the Twenty Dollar condition is slightly higher The differences are small, however, and only on the rating of "amount of time" does the difference between the two conditions even approach significance. It shows people will do anything to fit in with the group. /Resources 50 0 R The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called. J. abnorm. . Alex, who is in the honors program, failed to do his share of the work on the group project with his four classmates. /Size 61 Participants in the $1 condition experience greater discomfort and agitation when lying about how fun the task was than do participants in the $20 condition. The participants were interviewed afterwards and were asked to rate the experiment in four areas (Cognitive Dissonance). Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved, asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room, The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because, some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch but did not speak up and therefore disrupt group cohesion, Chris's roommate asks Chris to do him a favor, and Chris agrees. The ratings were of course done in ignorance of which condition each S was in. Sarah found her soul mate, Jon, when she moved to a small town in Florida. The average rating in this condition is only -.05, slightly and not significantly higher than the Control condition. These are: 1. Furthermore, since the pressure to reduce dissonance will be a function of the magnitude of the dissonance, the observed opinion change should be greatest when the pressure used to elicit the overt behavior is just sufficient to do it. The participants who convinced themselves that the task really was fun were the ones who were___________. With everything else held constant, this total magnitude of dissonance would decrease as the number and importance of the pressures which induced him to say "not X" increased. 80 0 obj <> endobj His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Therefore the person's attitude changes. Evanston, IL: Row & Peterson Which is (farther, farthest) away, the library of the park? We will have more to say concerning this explanation in discussing the results of our experiment. Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance has been one . These made them question what the real purpose of the study is. D. It was Nicole's first year of high school. Deception is the cornerstone of the experiment conceived by Leon Festinger in the year 1959. Since these derivations are stated in detail by Festinger (1957, Ch. _______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility. If you already know how to turn off your ad blocker, just hit the refresh icon or F5 after you do it, to see the page. Festinger, L. (1957). Sandy was using_______ processing. Toni sees a picture of the new international exchange student and notices that the student looks happy, so Toni automatically assumes that he is also friendly. Leon Festinger's 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we act to reduce the disharmony, or dissonance, of our conflicting feelings. {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Psychology Chapter 12","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/psychology-chapter-12-1964384","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. He reasoned that if the person is induced to make an overt statement contrary to his private opinion by the offer of some reward, then the greater the reward offered, the greater should be the subsequent opinion change. The subjects who received $1 did not have a very good reason to lie. When one person meets another person for the first time, ________ occurs. Relat., 1953, 6, 185-214. %%EOF This is most like which of the following techniques? They were instructed to put spools onto and off the try with only one hand for half an hour, and then turn 48 square pegs clockwise for the next half hour. Method In their laboratory experiment, they used 71 male students as participants to perform a series of dull tasks (such as turning pegs in a peg board for an hour). According to Sternberg, married (committed) people who also have intimacy and passion are in the form of love called______love. This is the, People are less likely to be susceptible to the foot-in-the-door technique, how far people would go in obeying the command of an authority figure, Social loafing can be explained by the fact that, it is easier for a lazy person to hide laziness when working in a group of people. they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable [2] All statistical tests referred to in this paper are two-tailed. Festinger and Carlsmith experiment A study conducted in which people were offered money to express attitudes that they did not hold; people who were offered big sums justified their behavior by the money but people who were offered smaller sums changed their attitudes to make them more consistent with their behavior The said images can be a reference to physical reality or in comparison to other people. Festinger, L. (1957). To start with, she asks her boyfriend to cook dinner for her. Prev page|Page top|Chapter Contents|Next page Putting these 11 in exception, the 60 remaining responses are the following: One of the questions that Festinger and Carlsmith were aiming to answer is how enjoyable were the tasks for the participants. Research has found that the view that opposites attract, According to Sternberg, love consists of intimacy, passion, and, Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consists of, Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. The difference .between the One Dollar and Control conditions is not impressive at all (t = 1.21). trailer The opposite of Franklin's principle is described by Eric Hoffer, in The True Believer (1951). Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) investigated if making people perform a dull task would create cognitive dissonance through forced compliance behavior. (The secretary had left the office.) Take it with you wherever you go. /Prev 679084 2. Add to folder He did so in order to make it convincing that this was [p. 205] what thc E was interested in and that these tasks, and how the S worked on them, was the total experiment. This study involved 71 male students from Stanford University, of which 11 students were disqualified. & KING, B.T. /N 8 How Much They Learned From the Experiment. Because of the desirability of investigating this possible alternative explanation, we recorded on a tape recorder the conversation between each S and the girl. Only recently has there been any experimental work related to this question. endobj /E 95019 Generally speaking, the social comparison theory explains how individuals evaluate their opinion and desires by comparing themselves to others. Which of the following was NOT a component of Robert Sternberg's theory of love? This means you're free to copy, share and adapt any parts (or all) of the text in the article, as long as you give appropriate credit and provide a link/reference to this page. Eliot Aronson, himself a famous social psychologist and former student of Festinger, called this "the most important experiment in the history of social psychology" ("Social Researcher", 1984). According to Sternberg, the emotional and psychical arousal a person feels for another is the_______ component of love. oldfinal.rtf - Psychological Sciences After you finish, the experimenter (Carlsmith) explains that the study concerns how expectations affect performance. Hum. So, to avoid dissonance, the person likes you. Festinger and Carlsmith had cleverly set up an opposition between behavioral theory, which was dominant in the 1950s, and Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. Leon Festinger introduced cognitive dissonance theory in a 1957 book, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. These Ss were hired for one dollar to tell a waiting S that tasks, which were really rather dull and boring, were interesting, enjoyab1e, and lots of fun. <> 4), we will here give only a brief outline of the reasoning. The people with whom a person identifies most strongly are called the________. After the half hour on the second task was over, the E conspicuously set the stop watch back to zero, put it away, pushed his chair back, lit a cigarette, and said: Up to this point the procedure was identical for Ss in all conditions. There is perhaps no surer way of infecting ourselves with virulent hatred toward a person than by doing him a grave injustice. endobj (Boulding, 1969). Kenneth Boulding, an economist and past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, described a pattern that relates to cognitive dissonance. Scott, W. A. Instead the opposite happened. Franklin said if you want someone to like you, get that person to do you a favor. Nicole thinks of herself as an honest, trustworthy person. In this case, the One Dollar group should be motivated to believe that the experiment was enjoyable. The importance of this announcement will become clear shortly. One of the major weaknesses of the data is that not all subjects in the experiment made an overt statement contrary to their private opinion in order to obtain the offered reward. It was too long, and that preacher wasn't dressed up enough" would be an example of which type of processing? 0000001035 00000 n If you want somebody to like you, induce the person to perform "liking behavior" such as doing you a favor. One way in which the dissonance can be reduced is for the person to change his private opinion so as to bring it into correspondence with what he has said. The interview consisted of four questions, on each of which the S was first encouraged to talk about the matter and was then asked to rate his opinion or reaction on an 11-point scale. Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. "Italian food is the best of the European cuisines.". If you want somebody to like you, induce the person to perform "liking behavior" such as doing you a favor. Ashley has practiced her drum routine over and over. This study showed people are subjected to conformity for the first time scientifically. Which method of attitude formations is involved in this example? This has many practical implications. For an hour, you are required to perform dull tasks, such as turning wooden knobs again and again. The amount of money paid the subject was varied. From this point on they diverged somewhat. Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith conducted a study on cognitive dissonance investigating on the cognitive consequences of forced compliance. The 71 subjects were informed that the experiment focuses on the "Measures of Performance." He hoped to exhibit cognitive dissonance in an experiment which was cleverly disguised as a performance experiment. What is the Sacrifice Trap? $20 in the 1950s was equivalent to over $100 now. show that a person's private opinion will change to reduce dissonance when it conflicts with what they are forced to do, stanford uni students were asked to do simple, boring tasks for an hour and the researchers timed them with a stopwatch and took notes to make it seem as if the task was important, the participants were given either $1 or $20 to tell another student that the task was fun, there was a clear difference of opinion in the follow up interview. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. He was told to use one hand and to work at his own speed. In this study, Festinger and Carlsmith found that The girl, an undergraduate hired for this role, said little until the S made some positive remarks about the experiment and then said that she was surprised because a friend of hers had taken the experiment the week before and had told her that it was boring and that she ought to try to get out of it. Most of our subjects tell us afterward that they found it quite interesting You get a chance to see how you react to the tasks and so forth." _________ has been linked to higher levels of aggression. The results are weakly in line with what one would expect if the dissonance were somewhat reduced in this manner. The three faces of racism | Berit Brogaard and Dimitria Gatzia [/PDF Desire to Participate in a Similar Experiment. The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of, If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of the. bringing diverse groups of people into contact with each other. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) experiment in which they asked individuals to "lie" and tell the next participant how exciting the experiment turning knobs was, which group reported on a follow-up questionnaire the most satisfaction in their knob-turning experience?, The "A" in the "ABCs" of attitudes is, refer to beliefs and . "Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes" The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." According to Sternberg's theory, when intimacy and passion are combined the result is _____, which is often the basis for a more lasting relationship. /Text Cults use all of the following except_______to gain new members. In this condition, the average rating was +1.35, considerably on the positive side and significantly different from the Control condition at the .02 level[2] (t = 2.48). I hope you did enjoy it. Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. But other factors would enter also. A little more than 60 years ago, Leon Festinger published A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (1957). Chris is showing, Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. The E then paid the S one dollar (twenty dollars), made out a hand-written receipt form, and asked the S to sign it. If the results of our experiment are to be taken as strong corroboration of the theory of cognitive dissonance, this possible alternative explanation must be dealt with. What is the term for the process of developing an opinion about another person? If no factors other than his private opinion are considered it would follow, at least in our culture, that if he believes "X" he would publicly state "X."

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